if skele-gro reacted with harry's dna why didn't his bone grow out of his butt
Why does aspirin work
Why does tylenol work because it chemically is designed or made to treat headaches etc

This may be your most off-the-wall question yet, but we your loyal listeners, will humor you. :)

I don't think the potion has any kind of intelligence, that doesn't seem to be the way that very many brands of magic work. I also really doubt that the Dept. of Mysteries would have anything to do with such a lowly potion. There are plenty of healers out there to perform tests on medical potions.

As to how Skele-Gro itself operates.. I think it simply works along side the patient's DNA structure to reconstruct the bones the same way that they were grown originally as an unborn child. This is clear in the text, because the potion "re-grows" bones instead of simply "growing" them.

I now have this funny mental image of Harry with extra long fingers on one hand, a' la Ollivander or Voldemort. He would have to sue the Wizarding Pharmaceutical companies. I bet there's a lot of gold in that. :)

I don't think the potion contains any type of intelligence. I think it works very similarly to muggle medicines, in that you can take it by mouth and it will work on the appropriate part of the body. Our bodies have a way of knowing how to heal themselves. Without getting too scientific on you, if you were to cut your finger, your body would send clotting agents to clot your blood so that you don't bleed out, and it would then send repair cells to that specific site in your finger. Therefore, I think that the Skele-Gro is probably helped along to the specific site by the body itself. These potion ingredients could come from anywhere. They could be something that is still available to muggles, but that they have overlooked, much like a bezoar. Muggles can still see a bezoar, they just lack the insight into it’s magical properties. Perhaps Skele-Gro is made from the bezoar from the stomach of a cow, since cows produce milk which contains a lot of calcium and vitamin D which are both necessary for bone strength.
As for how the Department of Mysteries tests them, I think they were probably tested at a time when you could get away with forcing them upon prisoners. It would have been easy to justify using prisoners as guinea pigs by saying that they deserve to suffer the possible torturous side effects to pay for their crimes. Considering Filch mentions that he has chains and shackles in the dungeons that he used in the past to hang students from for disobeying, I don’t think a theory like this would be too far off, as physical punishment seems to have been a common part of wizard culture in the not too distant past.

Madam Pomfrey kind of reminds me of my grandma, who believed in old wives tales from Mexico. For example, if I didn't feel good, she would take an egg, still in the shell, and make the sign of the cross with it on my skin all ofer my arms, legs, tummy, head, back, etc. The whole time she'd be muttering prayers. At the end she'd put the egg in a cup under the bed where I would then sleep. In the morning, she'd crack the egg, and the insides would be black, meaning that the evil eye (Ojo) had left me and gone into the egg. That story was to say this about Skelegrow:

Perhaps there is a spell or spells that accompany drinking it. I can see Madam Pomfrey doing something like my grandmother did only to Harry's arm, either directing the Skele-grow, prepping the arm, or focusing the power of the potion.

Or, maybe the same way we have cough medicine versus pain medicine versus nausea medicine, maybe there is Skele-grow for arms. And the instructions say something like, "for 14-16 yrs, take 4 tbsp"

What's really interesting to me, though, it that the arm continues to grow with Harry seamlessly for the rest of his growing life. It's one thing to make new bone, but to have it pick up just where the original bone left off? Wow!

Maybe it's like some kind of expanding bone foam, and where Harry's arm bones used to be, there is a bone-shaped cavity, and as his arm grows and the cavity expands, so does the Skele-grow. However, if that's true, nobody could take Skelegrow if they had their wisdom teeth (or a sixth toe) removed, because they'd just grow back.

Obviously from the books we see skelegro can both grow and mend bones but as to your question of how here is my theory. Having a genetics degree I loved your idea that skelegro took Harrys DNA and made more bones. So according to Gamps Law since you cant make something out of nothing( i think that is right) another theory I thought of was maybe for the regrowing of bones the potion takes a little bit of cells, calcium, dna, marrow etc from all of Harrys bones and uses that combination to make a new bone and then the potion goes into mending mode and replenishes all the bones again. My question is why does madame pomfrey say its going to be so painful? It doesnt seem that there are many other cures for ailments in the books that are painful.

St. Mungos! They must have a research laboratory and wizard pharmacy along with their healing practices. I bet that the wizarding world has a wide range of over-the-counter medications/potions and experimental potions used for certain maladies as well. They have to have people researching and trying to figure out how to help patients like Frank and Alice Longbottom. Perhaps there is a Gregory House of the wizarding world who walks the halls of St. Mungos working on the most difficult cases.
As for more normal things like re-growing bones, the potion was most likely developed and then made commercially available. And healing researchers still work to make new remedies. I like to think that the Skele-Grow is made of ingredients that react with intact pieces of bone in the person’s body to duplicate those and then move them to the broken area to create a bone patch. This is why it is some painful because it is actually reacting with your other intact bones.
In terms of the sentience of Skele-grow, I’m not so sure about that. Would you say that Advil has the intelligence to know that you are feeling pain in your head (as in a headache)? Or does your body “tell” it where it is needed. I think that the Skele-Grow is composed of ingredients that the body makes the best use of hen there are bones in need of re-growing.

The whole question of Skele-Gro and DNA adds some interesting possibilities. Do you think it's possible that Skele-Gro has a map of a "normal" human skeleton and grows bones according to that? Or does it use the drinker's DNA specifically? What if someone with osteoporosis drank Skele-Gro? Would the bones regrow with the same reduced mineral density? Or could Skele-Gro be used to CURE diseases like osteoporosis because it grows bones "as they should be?"

We know that Harry says that it feels like he has splinters in his arm when the bone is regrowing; to me, this suggests that Skele-Gro rapidly grows bone cells that match the DNA of the drinker and that grows the bone back.

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